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Toxicity: Multifocal serous retinal detachments (like central serous retinopathy [CSR]) Sildenafil. Used for erectile dysfunction. Toxicity: Serous macular detachment, possibly due to dilatation of choroidal vasculature. Transient blue tinting of the vision, and temporarily abnormal ERG, a delayed cone b-wave implicit time. Pregabalin is used in generalized anxiety disorder, as it is thought to act on alpha-2 delta subunits of voltage-dependent calcium channels as a neurotransmitter release inhibitor 75 and is potentially efficacious in social anxiety disorders at certain dosages. 76 Blurry vision and diplopia are some of the more common effects secondary to Additionally, mean retinal thickness increased from 263.46 µm to 271.60 µm, which was not statistically significant. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was 100.56 ±15.36 µm before treatment and significantly increased to 110.2 ±8.41 µm at the 30-day follow-up and 111.03 ±14.59 µm at the 90-day follow-up. DIURETICS Retinal haemorrhages Damage of photoreceptors acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide ANTICANCER DRUGS mitomycin, doxorubicin, Retinal toxicity Eventual damage of cones daunorubicin, Retinal toxicity cisplatin Decreased of visus, ERG alteration ALLOPURINOL Photosensitivity Accumulation in retinal pigmented epithelium and production of Even though antiretroviral drugs can help arrest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) progress or other infection-associated retinal disease, an undesirable rare retinal toxicity could occur . Didanosine (DDI) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), probably because Abstract. Most of the drugs that we use in our everyday clinic cause ocular side effects or toxicity, depending on the drug duration and dose. Eye care physicians should be familiar with any possible ocular side effects linked to these medications, which could save the physicians' time to determine the diagnosis of the ocular irritation or toxicity. Drugs that increase the activity of -aminobutyric acid (GABA) may lead to toxic reactions in the retina.1 As. 4 To our knowledge, visual field impairment in patients taking gabapentin has not previously been reported. Gabapentin is used by millions of patients in clinical practice. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Newer antiepileptic drugs such as levetiracetam, lacosamide, topiramate, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, and zonisamide are prescribed by physicians for the treatment of epilepsy. These drugs are also associated with a series of eye disorders. However, very few studies have systemically compared eye disorders associated with newer AEDs in a large sample of patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Several systemic drugs, including hydroxychloroquine, ethambutol, pentosan, thioridazine, and various cancer drugs, are known to cause toxicity to the posterior segment of the eye. Keeping them in mind can help preserve a patient’s vision. Drugs can be directly toxic to the cells of the retina or the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The most common manifestation of injury to the retina and RPE is a pigmentary maculopathy. Gabapentinoids are commonly ingested in self-harm attempts and often misused for their sedative and euphoric properties. These medications can cause lethargy or agitation in overdose, increase risk of death combined with opioids, and manifest a withdrawal syndrome. Retinal toxicities are common in response to TPM treatment [2]. Our results indicate that TPM is associated with serous retinal detachment that may be linked to blood-retinal barrier breakdown due to inflammatory, infectious, infiltrative, neoplastic, and vascular conditions [18]. Researchers at the Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada) evaluated 138 patients for evidence of possible vigabatrin toxicity and showed clinical findings of peripheral retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy with relative sparing of the central or macular portion of the retina in three patients, without any clinical disturbances [82]. Commonly used oral drugs can cause ocular adverse effects. As well as retinal toxicity, oral drugs can affect other parts of the eye including the cornea, lens and optic nerve. Consider drugs as a possible cause of unexplained ocular symptoms. Retinal toxicities (e.g. color deficiencies, impaired contrast sensitivity, visual field defects, and retinal fiber nerve loss) are common with GABA-ergic AEDs (e.g. VGB, VPA, TPM and TGB). VGB induced visual field loss occurs in 1/3-1/2 of treated adults. Drugs that increase the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may lead to toxic reactions in the retina. 1 As many as 40% of patients treated with vigabatrin (Sabril; Aventis Pharma, Guildford) develop visual field constriction. 2 Vigabatrin but not tiagabin (Gabitril; Cephalon, Guildford) accumulated with a higher concentration in the retina t Common adverse effects of gabapentin include dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and peripheral edema [3]. Uncommonly, gabapentin causes blurred vision and diplopia [4]. As well as retinal toxicity, oral drugs can affect other parts of the eye including the cornea, lens and optic nerve. Consider drugs as a possible cause of unexplained ocular symptoms. Communication between the prescribing clinician and ophthalmologist will facilitate the best possible patient care. Visual disturbances are a common side-effect of many antiepileptic drugs. Non-specific retino- and neurotoxic visual abnormalities, that are often reported with over-dosage and prolonged AED use, include diplopia, blurred vision and nystagmus.
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