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Use the NOAH online compendium to access veterinary medicines datasheet information Subcutaneous nalbuphine (1 mg/kg) resulted in analgesia within 30 minutes in sheep. Transdermal fentanyl (patch) can provide steady analgesia for 2-3 days. Gabapentin has been used anecdotally with success for chronic pain management. All doses are listed as milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) unless otherwise noted. 1-3% inhalant to effect (up to 5% for induction). Up to 8% for Sevoflurane. Concurrent preemptive analgesia is recommended for survival surgery Must use precision vaporizer. Gabapentin (10 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours) is a calcium channel blocker used to inhibit neurons stimulated by pain; it is useful for treatment of animals with chronic or neuropathic pain. Dexmedetomidine and medetomidine are newer analgesic-sedative, alpha-2-receptor blocking agents useful to facilitate examinations or diagnostic evaluations. Phenylbutazone. Values reported for elimination half-times are 55-65 hours in cattle compared with approximately 3-6 hours in dogs. The authors of a study in adult holstein cows extrapolated a therapeutic serum concentration of 60-90 *g/mL from human literature and proposed a dosing regimen of a 10-20 mg/kg loading dose and a daily maintenance doses of 2.5-5.0 mg/kg. Dosage and Administration for Sleep. When it comes to using gabapentin for sleep, determining the right dosage is crucial for maximizing benefits while minimizing potential side effects. The typical dosage range for sleep can vary widely, but most studies have used doses between 300mg and 600mg taken before bedtime. Recommended Sheep/Goat Analgesic & Anesthetic Agents. Drug Dosage Per 10 lbs Route Duration of Action Notes Analgesics. Phenylbutazone . 5-6 mg/kg EOD 1 G/day . PO . Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant and analgesic (pain reliever) drug. Veterinarians may prescribe gabapentin for seizures (convulsions) in dogs and cats or to treat chronic pain associated with nerve inflammation or cancer in dogs, cats, and horses. Recommended Swine Analgesic & Anesthetic Agents. Drug Dosage Per 10 lbs Route Duration of Action Notes Analgesics. Flunixin meglumine 1 – 2 mg/kg 5 -10 mg IM Every 12 hours The use of gabapentin in small ruminants has not been described in the literature. Anecdotally, it appears to offer analgesia to ruminants experiencing neuropathic pain, and the pharmacokinetics have been described in beef and dairy cattle. 2, 3 Oral gabapentin at a dosage of 5 mg/kg once daily has been used to manage recurrent neck and shoulder pain in a camel, which was unresponsive to (to a different species, at a different dosage, by a dif-ferent route) its use is said to be extralabel. Only a veterinarian can legally use a drug in an extralabel fashion, and then only in the presence of a carefully defi ned veterinarian-client-patient relationship (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2005). The Gabapentin 3–10 mg/kg PO q 24 hrs. The best effects are seen when used in combination with other analgesics such as NSAIDs or paracetamol (acetaminophen). Dosing protocols are generally different depending on which use one is pursuing, with the anti-seizure doses tending to be higher and more frequent. Gabapentin may be given with or without food. CRI Trifusion Dose Route Frequency Comments Butorphanol 0.05–0.1 mg/kg IV, IM Loading dose 0.022 mg/kg/h IV CRI Lidocaine 1.0 mg/kg IV Loading dose Administer slowly Drug Species Dose (mg/kg) Route Dosing Interval Comment Piroxicam Most 0.5 PO, IM 12 Chronic pain Buprenorphine Most species 0.01–0.05 IM 8 Mixed agonist/antagonist Although a number of analgesic solutions are now available for sheep, providing some amelioration of the acute pain responses, this review has highlighted a number of potential areas for further research. Small ruminants are increasing in popularity as both production and companion animals in the United States. Among sheep, goats, and camelids, there are many disease processes and management techniques that have the potential to result in painful or noxious stimuli. In these species, many medications and therapeutic techniques can be used to reduce or eliminate the long-term consequences of gabapentin in ruminant calves resulted in plasma concentra-tions greater than those in humans following treatment with a therapeutic dose (Coetzee et al. 2011). This study provides further clinical evaluation for management of chronic and neuropathic pain. Although the pharmacokinetics of gaba-pentin in goats following oral administration have IN SHEEP, GOATS AND CERVIDS Extralabel uses of fl uoroquinolones is prohibited in food animals. There are currently no approved fl uoroquinolones for sheep, goats or cervids in the U.S., so their use in these species is illegal. The ban on extralabel use of cephalo-sporins in major food animal species does not 0.01-0.02mg/kg IV or IM, redose q 2 -1 hour if necessary. “bump” with valium first, then 1⁄2 dose ketamine. Questions? Abrahamsen E, Ruminant Field Anesthesia. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract 2008; 24:429-441. Fubini, S.L., Farm Animal Surgery, 2004, WB Saunders. Galatos A, Anesthesia and Analgesia in Sheep and Goats. Small ruminants are increasing in popularity as both production and companion animals in the United States. Among sheep, goats, and camelids, there are many disease processes and management techniques that have the potential to result in painful or noxious stimuli.
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