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Gabapentin . Gabapentin is a recent addition to the human anti-convulsant market, which has primarily been used as an adjunctive drug for humans with uncontrolled partial seizures with and without secondary generalization. Gabapentin is well absorbed from the duodenum in dogs with maximum blood levels reached in 1 hour after oral administration. Dosing protocols are generally different depending on which use one is pursuing, with the anti-seizure doses tending to be higher and more frequent. Gabapentin may be given with or without food. In addition, these compounds are rarely used alone and very frequently are part of a multimodal analgesic approach. Gabapentin and amantadine and both examples of adjuvant analgesics. 1. Gabapentin. Gabapentin is a lipophilic structural analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Studies in humans and laboratory animals indicate that perioperative administration of gabapentin to animals with nerve injury may reduce the potential establishment of, or ongoing, neuropathic pain. Based on blood levels in dogs, dose at 10 mg/kg PO q 8 h (5 mg/kg PO in cats), increasing as needed to effect (dose range 10–15 mg/kg). Gabapentin . Gabapentin is a recent addition to the human anti-convulsant market, which has primarily been used as an adjunctive drug for humans with uncontrolled partial seizures with and without secondary generalization. Gabapentin is well absorbed from the duodenum in dogs with maximum blood levels reached in 1 hour after oral administration. Guidance on how pain management should differentiate between canine and feline patients, with an emphasis on the particular fea-tures of feline behavior. These topics are accompanied by pertinent recent updates on pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment modalities summa-rized in easy-to-reference tables. Trazodone + clonidine + gabapentin Trazodone + acepromazine + gabapentin *Lorazepam can be added to any of the above combinations in non-fractious patients. All are safe premeds for injectable sedation in healthy dogs. Oral premed cocktails for cats: Lorazepam + acepromazine Acepromazine + gabapentin Lorazepam + gabapentin. Chemical Restraint Gabapentin was detected in all samples at both time points. No difference was noted in concentration based on dose or location. In the final phase, client-owned cats with chronic pain were enrolled and treated with transdermal gabapentin at 10mg/kg every 8 hours. 15 cats were enrolled in this phase of the study. Dosing protocols are generally different depending on which use one is pursuing, with the anti-seizure doses tending to be higher and more frequent. Gabapentin may be given with or without food. KBr controls approximately 70-80% of the epileptic dogs it is used to treat and is often effective in dogs that fail PB therapy. When high dose KBr and low dose PB are used together, approximately 95% of epileptic dogs can be controlled. The starting maintenance dosage of KBr is 20-30 mg/kg/day (which can be divided up to avoid GI upsets). Gabapentin was originally approved to treat epilepsy in humans. However, gabapentin became more useful as a drug to control nerve pain. More recently, the inhibitory (reducing brain activity) effects of gabapentin have been useful to control anxiety in animals, especially when being transported. Trazodone + clonidine + gabapentin Trazodone + acepromazine + gabapentin *Lorazepam can be added to any of the above combinations in non-fractious patients. All are safe premeds for injectable sedation in healthy dogs. Oral premed cocktails for cats: Lorazepam + acepromazine Acepromazine + gabapentin Lorazepam + gabapentin. Chemical Restraint For mild to moderate fear and anxiety in dogs, trazodone, clonidine, benzodiazepines (e.g. alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam), gabapentin, imepitoin or dexmedetomidine oromucosal gel might be effective for car ride anxiety, veterinary visits and procedures. 3 In cats, gabapentin, trazodone and benzodiazepines (e.g. lorazepam, alprazolam) can be The t ½ for gabapentin in dogs and cats is between 3 and 4 hrs. The recommended dose range of gabapentin for dogs is 25–60 mg/kg body weight, divided, q 6–8 hrs. I use an initial dose regimen of 10 mg/kg body weight, q 8 hrs. The suspected therapeutic range for dogs is 4–16 mg/L. In dogs, however, 30–40% of the orally administered dose of gabapentin undergoes hepatic metabolism to N-methyl-gabapentin. Despite undergoing some hepatic metabolism in dogs, there is no appreciable induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes in this species. The t ½ for gabapentin in dogs and cats is between 3 and 4 hrs. According to pet experts and veterinarians, the safe dose of gabapentin for treating seizures in cats is 2-5mg/lb or 5-10mg/kg every 8 to 12 hours. For feline pain, the ideal amount of the medicine is 1.25 to 2 mg/kg every 12 hours. With use of a liquid gabapentin we can dose our cats really accurately with that optimal dose of 20 mg/kg. In a recent study (Gurney et al) we evaluated the efficacy of 20mg/kg gabapentin in hyperthyroid cats, given 1-2hrs before coming to the clinic. Determining if an avian patient requires pain management is just the first step on the difficult journey of establishing a treatment regimen. With close to 9,000 different avian species one must not assume that the analgesic doses determined for other animal groups can be extrapolated to birds. Gabapentin is most commonly used in veterinary medicine to relieve chronic pain and in some pets, to reduce fear and anxiety associated with veterinary appointments. Gabapentin may be used alone or in combination with other drugs. Gabapentin is available as capsules, tablets and as an oral solution. Gabapentin 3–10 mg/kg PO q 24 hrs. The best effects are seen when used in combination with other analgesics such as NSAIDs or paracetamol (acetaminophen).
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