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At the national level, gabapentin is not classified as a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). This means it is not subject to the stringent regulations that apply to opioids or benzodiazepines, which are categorized based on their potential for abuse, medical use, and safety. Montana Code Annotated 2023. TITLE 50. HEALTH AND SAFETY CHAPTER 32. CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Part 1. General Provisions; Part 2. Scheduling of Dangerous Drugs; Reinterpreting the Controlled Substances Act: Predictions for the Effect on Pain Relief, Werth, 20 Behavioral Sci. & L. 287 (2002). Prescription Drug Control Under the Federal Controlled Substances Act: A Web of Administrative, Civil, and Criminal Law Controls, Behr, 45 Wash. U.J. Urb. & Contemp. L. 41 (1994). Part 1 General Provisions 50-32-101. The prevalence of gabapentin abuse has been estimated to be 1.6% in the general population compared with 15% to 22% in patients with opioid use disorders. 23 Individuals with a history of substance abuse (particularly opioids) or mental illness have been identified as having an increased risk of abusing gabapentin. 23 Evidence of gabapentin abuse was observed in a group of 503 individuals in The term "anabolic steroid" means any drug or hormonal substance, chemically and pharmacologically related to testosterone, other than estrogens, progestins, and corticosteroids, that promotes muscle growth. What is a controlled substance? By Federal and State statute, prescription drugs are divided into Schedules, or categories, based upon the type of drug being prescribed. The MPDR lists Schedules II, III, IV and V drugs, which are typically the most addictive or the most-often abused drugs on the market. (2) A dangerous drug included in Schedule III or IV, which is a prescription drug as determined under the federal or Montana food, drug, and cosmetic acts, may not be dispensed without a written, electronic, or oral prescription of a practitioner. With respect to pharmaceutical controlled substances, DEA’s responsibility is twofold: to prevent diversion and abuse of these substances while ensuring an adequate and uninterrupted supply is available to meet the country’s legitimate medical, scientific, and research needs. Gabapentin (Neurontin) is not a narcotic or federally controlled substance by the DEA as of November 2022, but it is classified as a Schedule V controlled substance in certain states. Gabapentin isn’t considered a controlled substance by the federal government. But several states have passed their own laws limiting the prescribing and sale of it. Eight states have made gabapentin a schedule V controlled substance. This bill amends Montana's drug scheduling law to add gabapentin to Schedule V controlled substances, which is a category of drugs with lower potential for abuse. Currently, Schedule V includes certain narcotic drugs with limited quantities of non-narcotic ingredients, stimulants, depressants, anticonvulsant substances, and antimigraine The Montana Prescription Drug Registry (MPDR) was authorized by the Montana Legislature in 2011 and became functional in November 2012 as an online tool to provide a list of controlled substance prescriptions to health care providers to improve patient care and safety. Montana Code Annotated 2023. TITLE 50. HEALTH AND SAFETY CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Part 2. Scheduling of Dangerous Drugs 50-32-201 General criteria to be considered; schedule V drug under the Controlled Substances Act in its chemical structure and pharmacological activity. The chemical structure of gabapentin is derived from the addition of a lipophilic cyclohexyl group to the backbone of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Gabapentin is a crystalline substance and freely soluble in water, alkaline and acidic The Montana Board of Pharmacy (Board) is aware of recent DEA policy discussions regarding what a pharmacist can change on a Schedule II controlled substance prescription order. As of August 2022, DEA stated it is continuing to review DEA regulation and working on future rulemaking to address the issue. (4) Anticonvulsant substances include the following: (a) ezogabine; (b) brivaracetam; (c) cenobamate; and (d) ganaxalone. (5) Antimigraine substances including lasmiditan. Gabapentin is not currently listed as a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.11 Several state boards of pharmacy, as outlined in Supplemental Table 2 and Figure 1, have independently reclassified gabapentin under state pharmacy rules as a Schedule V drug. Other states have required gabapentin use to be monitored Gabapentin is frequently combined with other substances for the purpose of potentiating the effects of the drugs or achieving a “high.” Studies have identified various substances that are commonly abused in combination with gabapentin, including alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and other CNS depressants 13,14,15. Twelve states have not classified gabapentin as a controlled substance, but require gabapentin dispensing must be reported to their PMP (including CT, DC, IN, KS, MA, MN, NE, NJ, OH, OR, UT, and WY). Prescriptions for non-controlled substances may be refilled after 75% of the estimated therapy days have elapsed. Prescriptions for controlled substances (CII-CV), Ultram (tramadol), Ultracet (tramadol/acetaminophen), carisoprodol, and gabapentin may be refilled after 90% of the estimated therapy days have elapsed.
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